Q: 1. If the "United States" and the "United States of America" are allegedly lawfully (Constitutionally) one and the same.

A: In addressing your questions, it's important to clarify a few legal concepts. The "United States" and the "United States of America" are terms often used interchangeably to refer to the federal government of the United States. Title 18, Section 3002 of the U.S. Code, which mentions the "United States" as a federal corporation, refers to the federal government in its capacity as a juridical entity capable of, among other things, entering into contracts and owning property. It doesn't imply that the United States is a corporation in the commercial sense, nor does it suggest that the "United States of America" is a foreign country.

In U.S. federal courts, the government can be a plaintiff in cases where it seeks to enforce laws or where its interests are at stake. The concept of standing in legal terms means that the plaintiff must have a sufficient connection to and harm from the law or action challenged to support that party's participation in the case. The standing of the United States or the United States of America in legal proceedings is derived from its sovereign status and the legal framework established by the Constitution and subsequent laws.

The creation and existence of the United States as a plaintiff are rooted in the Constitution, which established the federal government and its powers. The government's authority to act as a plaintiff in legal proceedings is further defined by federal laws and precedents.