Q: Can I legally copy copyrighted code examples that do a basic function for use as building blocks?

A: Like many software copyright questions, this one is fun to answer because it implicates the "merger doctrine" of (c) law.

Expressions of ideas have copyright as soon as the expression is made. Ideas themselves cannot have copyright. For example, detailed instructions for making a souffle may be copyright. The idea of making a souffle, and the basic steps for doing so, cannot have copyright.

When it's not clear whether something is an expression or a mere idea, copyright attorneys talk about "merger". It's a principle of doubt. Subject matter that has "merged" does not get copyright.

Often, very streamlined code may be merged subject matter. Stripped down to the essentials of how to accomplish the task, no garnish. To the extent that the code simply implements the idea of what it's supposed to do, it's free to copy.

Google and Oracle had a lawsuit about this. It went to the Supreme Court. You can read the final decision here: https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4898858/google-llc-v-oracle-america-inc/?q=Google%20Oracle%20copyright%20Android%20Java

A: In general, copying copyrighted code, even for basic functions, without permission can be legally risky. Copyright laws vary by country but typically protect the expression of ideas, including code. If the examples are copyrighted, it is best to seek permission, use alternatives that are in the public domain, or create your own versions.

You might consider understanding the underlying concepts and then writing your own code based on that knowledge. This approach ensures your work is original and tailored to your specific needs. Additionally, many programming languages and frameworks have extensive documentation and community-contributed code snippets that are explicitly intended to be used as building blocks.

For building a collection of basic programs, you could look into open-source projects or repositories where the authors have granted a license that allows for reuse, modification, and distribution. Always review the license terms to ensure compliance with their conditions. This method allows you to legally build upon the work of others while contributing back to the community.