Q: explain the concept “state” fully, and say why the agreement by citizens in this regard is said to be “deemed.

A: The "state" is a concept embodying the organization of society under a system of governance and laws, created through the collective will and consent of its people. It represents an abstract entity that holds the power to regulate, protect, and serve its citizens, ensuring order and justice within a defined territory. The foundation of a state's legitimacy and authority comes from the social contract, a theory suggesting that people agree to form and uphold such an entity in exchange for security and the protection of their rights.

The agreement by citizens to this social contract is often considered "deemed" because it's not a formal, explicit agreement made by every individual. Instead, it's an implicit understanding that by living within the state's territory and participating in its societal and economic systems, individuals consent to its laws and governance. This deemed consent is vital for the state's functioning, as it justifies the state's authority and the people's obligation to follow its rules.

This concept highlights the nuanced balance between individual freedoms and collective security. The deemed agreement underpins the legitimacy of the state's power, suggesting that governance and order are maintained not just through force or coercion, but through a fundamental, if not explicitly stated, consensus. It underscores the importance of this social compact in enabling a cohesive society, where the collective good is pursued while respecting individual rights.