The jurisdiction over, or power to decide, interstate custody and visitation disputes is based on the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Enforcement Act, UCCJEA, a uniform law adopted in almost all the states. The purpose of the UCCJEA is to require a connection between the residence of the child... View More

A protective order may be issued in three successive steps, each with greater due process protections for the accused. To protect against an immediate harm, a emergency protective order can be issued ex parte by the magistrate or general district court judge on a sworn statement or affidavit,... View More

A protective order may be issued in three successive steps, each with greater due process protections for the accused. To protect against an immediate harm, a emergency protective order can be issued ex parte by the magistrate or general district court judge on a sworn statement or affidavit,... View More

The separation required for a no fault divorce in Virginia must be continuous and uninterrupted. The legally-required separation means the parties are no longer living together as husband and wife. At least one of the parties must intend that the separation is permanent, and that intention must... View More

Attorneys who help people with property of an estate of a decedent, typically identify themselves by one or more of the following practice areas: probate, estate administration, elder law, or wills and estate planning. Usually, the last residence of the decedent is the proper place or... View More

Fiduciaries in Virginia must file accountings and reports with the Commissioner of Accounts for the city or county involved. If a foreclosure auction results in a surplus of proceeds, most substitute trustees would file an interpleader action in the Circuit Court and name all interested parties as... View More

There is no specific age at which a child can express a custody or visitation preference. The Code of Virginia allows such a reasonable preference if the child is of "reasonable intelligence, understanding, age, and experience to express such a preference." When allowed to express a... View More

A prenuptial agreement or marital agreement, variously titled as a separation agreement, post-nuptial agreement, or property settlement agreement, must be in writing and signed by the parties to be enforceable. There are usually notarizations or acknowledgement(s) of the signatures by a... View More

A contempt proceeding for an ED violation may or may not be a violation of the automatic stay in bankruptcy. The question is whether the purpose of the proceeding is to extract a private monetary remedy (not allowed) or to uphold the dignity of the court (allowed). Some have cast this as civil v.... View More

It is not clear that the evaluation was used against you. You could always check the court's file at the clerk's office. A court ordered evaluation could be admissible without an expert witness. Anything else would be hearsay, and the evaluator would likely be required to appear and... View More

For various good cause shown, a spouse can ask for exclusive possession of the marital residence as part of the pendente lite relief available in a Virginia divorce case. The public policy of the Commonwealth of Virginia is to promote marriage, not to make divorce easy. Marriage provides a... View More

A former owner of real estate that was sold at a foreclosure auction becomes a tenant at sufferance after delivery of a deed from the substitute trustee. A tenant at sufferance is one who enters into possession of real property lawfully, but remains in possession unlawfully. After title to the... View More

In Virginia, a motion to modify or amend must reference the existing order and recite its relevant provisions. If a third party has custody or visitation, that person is a necessary party to the proceeding, and must be served with notice. In order to prevail, a person seeking to modify an... View More

Virginia is not a common-law marriage state and requires that the parties to a marriage in Virginia must first obtain a license from the state. Virginia Code Section 20-31 corrects defects in marriage licenses if the marriage is otherwise lawful and is consummated by the parties with the belief it... View More

When a Virginia resident dies intestate, without a will, the real property "drops like a stone" into the names of the heirs at law. The heirs at law are the persons specified in the course of descents in Virginia's intestate succession statutes, Sections 64.2-200 to -206. You do... View More

In Virginia, a notary public must verify the identity of a person signing the document, either in front of the notary public, or by the signer acknowledging the signature in the presence of the notary public, or via a videoconference if the notary has satisfied the requirements to be an electronic... View More

You must first check the tenancy on the deed. If your brother and his friend owned the property as joint tenants with the common-law right of survivorship, it passed to his friend upon his death, and you have no rights to it. If they were tenants in common, you should record the will. You will... View More

Child support in Virginia can only be awarded retroactively to the date that the petition was filed in the case of an original determination, or when motion to modify was filed and served on the payer parent in the case of an attempt to change support. The fact that a parent earned more during a... View More

Almost all contracts are verbal, either oral (spoken) or written. A last will and testament requires certain formalities, as does a revocable or irrevocable trust. Both must be in writing and signed. In spite of the absence of a written will, trust, or contract, in some instances a court can... View More

The U.S. Constitution requires each of the 50 states to give full faith and credit to the valid acts of its sister states. There is no such requirement for the actions of other countries, in the absence of a treaty. Instead, the concept of comity controls. Comity allows a state to recognize the... View More