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Questions Answered by Mark Oakley
2 Answers | Asked in Probate for Maryland on
Q: I need to find the PA intestate laws that were in place in 1964. Where could I find this information?
Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Sep 29, 2024

Why do you need this information 60 years after the fact? Are you questioning an estate distribution from 1964? I am not a PA lawyer so I cannot speak to PA law, but in most jurisdictions—such as Maryland where you posted this question—there is a statute of limitations for contesting an estate... View More

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1 Answer | Asked in Estate Planning for Maryland on
Q: If I die before my spouse is he entitled to my 401K?

I accumulated all of my 401K funds prior to getting married. I have named beneficiaries (not my husband) on all of my 401Ks. He is named as my beneficiary on my life insurance. If I die before him, is he entitled to any of my 401K funds?

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Sep 13, 2024

Absent a pre- or postnuptial agreement that provides otherwise, a spouse has the right to reject whatever they are receiving under the deceased spouse’s will and elect their statutory share. The old law used to be a straight 1/3 to 1/2 (depending on whether there are minor children involved) of... View More

2 Answers | Asked in Civil Litigation for Maryland on
Q: My ex girlfriend won't return my car that I let her borrow. Can I use my spare key to get it back?

My ex girlfriend had moved in with me a few months ago and I've let her use my car while she was with me so she could save money. After our relationship was broken up recently she moved to a new place and disappeared with my car. I've contacted her a couple times trying to her to bring my... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Sep 7, 2024

If your name is on the title, it’s your car, and you can take it any time you choose. Unless she paid you an agreed price to buy it from you, she has no “equitable” legal claim to try and keep it. The MVA and the courts will only recognize the owner whose name appears on the title. If both... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Real Estate Law and Estate Planning for Maryland on
Q: Property left as tenants in common. One sibling was listed co-buyer on mortgage. 6 acres of land. Co- buyer own home?

Home and land was willed to 6 siblings. Mobile home was not attached to land as collateral and not on traditional permanent foundation. One sibling (not co-buyer stayed in home and paid off mortgage) Co- buyer signed over title. Now title is in one name and deed includes all siblings. Was this... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Aug 31, 2024

Your description is too convoluted to make any sense out of it, and you are confused about the significance and relevance of being on the mortgage versus having an ownership interest in real property.

Whoever is listed on the deed is an owner. Being on obligor on the mortgage does not...
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2 Answers | Asked in Estate Planning and Real Estate Law for Maryland on
Q: Father added my niece to his deed so she is now co-owner of house. Can he will or bequeath his share of the deed to me?
Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Sep 7, 2024

It depends on how the co-ownership is designated on the deed.

Title to real property can be held as “tenants in common” (TC) or as “joint tenants with right of survival” (JT). If the deed does not state specifically that two or more titled owners are “tenants in common” then...
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1 Answer | Asked in Real Estate Law for Maryland on
Q: Question related to potential liability following a sale of a real estate property

I own a property that was remodeled but the work was done without the proper work permits and an inspector came and posted a stop work notice on the property. Bringing the property up to code required a significant financial investment as the work that was done was extensive and it was almost... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Aug 28, 2024

Anybody can sue anybody for anything, and the person being sued will have to defend. There are various means and legal theories to pierce the company veil and reach the owner, but they all depend on a set of facts that your post doesn’t detail. You want a whole dissertation on all the ways the... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Business Law and Family Law for Maryland on
Q: How can we apply conservatorship for small business owned by our son, who is currently hospitalized for mental illness?

We want to protect his business from creditors until he is able to return to work.

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Aug 28, 2024

The best option is if he is mentally competent enough to sign a power of attorney that has a robust business management power section. If he is not mentally competent, then you will need to petition for guardianship. It is possible to do so on an emergency basis if there is an emergency, but it... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Family Law for Maryland on
Q: How can you get a court order to obtain a birth certificate for a deceased parent in Maryland?

I would like to obtain my father's birth certificate. He is deceased, and he was born in Maryland. The Division of Vital Records in Maryland only allows people who are listed on the birth certificate (the parents of the child, and the child born) to request an official copy of the birth... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Jun 18, 2024

How much money is it worth to spend in order to get a birth certificate of a deceased ancestor? What information is on the birth certificate that you cannot obtain anywhere else?

If you must have it, then you file a "Petition for Appropriate Relief" in the Circuit Court where you...
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1 Answer | Asked in Estate Planning for Maryland on
Q: What do you do in Maryland if Trust documents are missing?

My kids are the beneficiaries of a trust set up by their deceased grandfather. It is for their education mainly, with health etc as a secondary goal. We have been using it with no issues but the co-trustee has resigned and the new trustee won't assume the role until they see the trust... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Jun 18, 2024

(1) I assume you asked the co-trustee who resigned if they have a copy of the trust, or when they last saw a copy or who last had it; if not, start there, and then go back in time to the families of each prior trustee, if any, and ask about old paper files still in existence, that might contain a... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Estate Planning and Probate for District of Columbia on
Q: If I went and filled a will with the courts and was appointed executor would any new wills have to be contested

I filed my father’s will and was appointed executor by the courts but a few days after I did this someone else has presented a new will. Would they have to contest mine since the court already filed it or would theirs automatically be valid since it was more recent? And would they automatically... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Apr 19, 2024

The Register of Wills will automatically convert the proceedings to Judicial Probate, and schedule a hearing to determine which Will is valid. You will likely be converted from a PR to a Special Administrator, which limits what you can do, pending determination by the court as to which will is the... View More

2 Answers | Asked in Criminal Law and Domestic Violence for Maryland on
Q: My husband was arrested and charged with assault on me after I called the police. I made a mistake. Please help!

My husband and I were trying to reconcile our marriage after a protective order I got for 1 year. However, this time I put my hands on him while he was sleep after suspecting that he was cheating with other woman, and in reality he was not. He put his hands up (because he was sleep) and I bit my... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Apr 5, 2024

First, your husband needs a lawyer. Second, you can only do two things: communicate to the State’s Attorneys Office your desire to not go forward with charges against your husband and your intent to invoke your privilege not to testify against your spouse; and then invoke your privilege on the... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Estate Planning and Real Estate Law for Maryland on
Q: Hello, can a Disclaimer of Inheritance be signed electronically in Maryland? Thank you so much.
Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Mar 20, 2024

Yes, but before you do so, make sure that the disclaimer achieves the results you want it to achieve. A disclaimer by law is treated as if the person disclaiming died before the decedent. If the Will directs that a deceased heir’s share be distributed “per stripes”, or by some other method,... View More

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1 Answer | Asked in Criminal Law and Gov & Administrative Law for Maryland on
Q: I need to know if I should go to the police to file a report concerning a car/ tags that is missing?

its a bit complicated, the car title and tags are in my name, the person I had an agreement with has disappeared and I can't locate the car. I don't want to be responsible for the expenses if the car is towed to the county lot.

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Mar 15, 2024

Unless the agreement included a date the person was to return the car back to you, and they deliberately failed to do so with the intent to deprive you of the vehicle, then there is no crime to report (theft or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle), so going to the police will not likely help,... View More

2 Answers | Asked in Employment Law, Tax Law, Business Law and Social Security for Maryland on
Q: My current employer sent my form 1095C to a another employee with the same first name and exposed my SS#, can I sue?

They exposed my SS# and other private info. What recourse do I have?

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Mar 15, 2024

Perhaps there is a federal or state governmental agency that has regulatory authority to impose a fine or other sanction for failing to safeguard employees’ personally identifiable information. You would need to consult an employment lawyer in your area as to the existence of such a legal... View More

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1 Answer | Asked in Contracts and Construction Law for Maryland on
Q: What does MHIC guaranty fund pay for?

Concrete sidewalk/steps/handrails installed - paid in full $3900. MAJOR issues with the work and home inspection deemed all of work unsafe. Every other contractor said all concrete had to be removed and redone - basically start from scratch. Total paid to redo - $7100. Filed claim and have... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Mar 2, 2024

The regulations governing the adjudication of claims against the Guaranty Fund specify the formulas to be used by the Commission when calculating an award for actual loss from the Guaranty Fund:

Unless it determines that a particular claim requires a unique measurement, the Commission shall...
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4 Answers | Asked in Estate Planning, Real Estate Law, Arbitration / Mediation Law and Probate for Maryland on
Q: My husband and his dad are on the deed for his dad's house. If his father dies and the will says otherwise, who owns?

My husband and his father are on the deed to his father's house. His father died but the will says that all 3 kids get the estate. So that would mean all 3 kids would be on the deed when he passes. Since my husband was originally on the deed before he died, does that mean it's officially... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Mar 2, 2024

If the deed is owned as joint tenants, then your husband is now the sole owner and the house is not an asset of his father’s estate, so it doesn’t matter what the Will says.

If the deed is owned as tenants in common, then your husband now owns 50% of the house outright, and the other...
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1 Answer | Asked in Employment Law for Maryland on
Q: My employer requires me to be available 40 hrs/week, 5 days a week. I’ve only worked 5 hours. Can I find part time work?

Employer made me sign a contract and said I have to ask and be approved to work at another business within the same industry (flight instruction). There is a termination fee of $2500 if I breach the contract or quit before 12 months working for them.

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Feb 25, 2024

I do not believe either provision in your contract is enforceable. The financial “penalty” of $2,500 smacks of an unenforceable penalty; however, if it is tied to an actual out-of-pocket cost to the employer, such as reimbursement for a paid training course the employer incurred to train you in... View More

2 Answers | Asked in Estate Planning for Maryland on
Q: Can I transfer a house that I own into my mom's revocable living trust in Maryland?

I own a fully paid house in Rockville MD. I want to sell it to my mom but also have her put it into a trust with me as the beneficiary. Can I transfer the deed directly into her trust, or does the title first need to be transferred to my mom before she can transfer it into her trust?

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Feb 25, 2024

Before you do this, consult an estate planning lawyer! First, you would be making a gift to your mother in excess of the federal gift tax exclusion for a single donee in one year, which may not be of any consequence depending on the total value of your estate by the time you die, but it will also... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Criminal Law for Maryland on
Q: Will having 3 counts (one for each message) of violation of protection order not allow me to practice law?

I plead in 2023 and won't be attending law school until 2027. That was my first time and last ever getting in trouble. It was an overall abusive 7 year relationship from HS until our early 20's; Verbally/emotionally from me and physically from my girlfriend. Only reason I decided to plead... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Mar 2, 2024

I believe you mean a “probation before judgment” — there is nothing called a “pre-trial before judgment.” If you received a PBJ, then you will be eligible to expunge the record of the offenses from any background check. The date you can file for expungement is three years after your... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Contracts for Maryland on
Q: At what point are cancellation fees in a contract unreasonable?

I am involved with a greek organization chapter currently facing a contractual dilemma and am seeking legal advice on how to navigate this situation. Three years ago, an officer, who has since left the chapter, signed a perpetual service agreement with a greek organization management platform. The... View More

Mark Oakley
Mark Oakley
answered on Feb 25, 2024

There is caselaw on this issue in Maryland, and as always, every case and contract turns on its peculiar facts and contract terms. If the cancellation fee (called “liquidated damages” in the law) exceeds a reasonable estimate of actual damages incurred, then it may be deemed an unenforceable... View More

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