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Copyright Questions & Answers
3 Answers | Asked in Contracts, Copyright and Intellectual Property for Iowa on
Q: How can I protect my idea when proposing it to a company in Iowa?

I am planning to propose an idea to a company in Iowa and I'm concerned about protecting my idea from being taken. I haven't taken any steps yet to protect my idea with patents, copyrights, or trademarks, nor have I used any formal agreements like a non-disclosure agreement (NDA). How... View More

David Aldrich
David Aldrich
answered on Nov 7, 2025

It sounds like you are talking about an invention? If so, you would use a patent (not a copyright) to protect this. NDAs are certainly a good idea, but by far the best thing you can do is file a provisional patent application. This is much simpler and less expensive than a full (utility) patent... View More

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3 Answers | Asked in Contracts, Copyright and Intellectual Property for Iowa on
Q: How can I protect my idea when proposing it to a company in Iowa?

I am planning to propose an idea to a company in Iowa and I'm concerned about protecting my idea from being taken. I haven't taken any steps yet to protect my idea with patents, copyrights, or trademarks, nor have I used any formal agreements like a non-disclosure agreement (NDA). How... View More

Jason Savarese
Jason Savarese pro label Lawyers, want to be a Justia Connect Pro too? Learn more ›
answered on Nov 7, 2025

You need them to sign a nondisclosure, noncompete agreement with a liquidated damages clause. Noncompetition agreements must be limited in time and geographic area to be valid, but that varies case to case and state to state. Liquidated damages could say something like "if you disclose this... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Copyright and Intellectual Property for Oklahoma on
Q: Is submitting altered lyrics inspired by a song legally permissible?

I am planning to submit a creative writing piece inspired by Lorde's song "Tennis Court" to a contest. My work includes a section heavily inspired by the song’s lyrics, but I have altered it creatively. This is for personal expression rather than commercial use. Would this... View More

Christie Dudley
Christie Dudley
answered on Nov 7, 2025

Great question! I hear this type of question all the time, both from people trying to assert their rights and from people who are inspired by art.

Copyright is more or less literally the right to copy. Does your essay reproduce the song that is the inspiration? Are you copying it to beef...
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3 Answers | Asked in Constitutional Law, Consumer Law, Copyright and Intellectual Property on
Q: Does user-initiated AI summarization qualify as fair use under U.S. copyright law?

I am developing a search engine that generates AI-created summaries of publicly available webpages, mainly news articles, blog posts, and informational sites. The summarization is optional and occurs only when a user clicks a "Summarize" button next to a search result. Each summary is... View More

Christie Dudley
Christie Dudley
answered on Oct 24, 2025

AI summarization should not be covered by copyright law at all. Copyright is intended to protect specific embodiment of creative content. Copyright regulates specific words, rather than the ideas embodied therein. Summarization, while covering concepts, would not be a copy of the creative work as... View More

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3 Answers | Asked in Constitutional Law, Consumer Law, Copyright and Intellectual Property on
Q: Does user-initiated AI summarization qualify as fair use under U.S. copyright law?

I am developing a search engine that generates AI-created summaries of publicly available webpages, mainly news articles, blog posts, and informational sites. The summarization is optional and occurs only when a user clicks a "Summarize" button next to a search result. Each summary is... View More

Sarah Teresa Haddad
Sarah Teresa Haddad
answered on Oct 24, 2025

In some AI cases, the closer the AI output replicates its input, the more likely it will be considered copyright infringement, in cases where the original source is not credited, and the output is not being used for a different purpose or context.

In your facts you state that you have...
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2 Answers | Asked in Copyright, Internet Law and Intellectual Property for Washington on
Q: How can I legally use dialogues from Total War in my monetized animation?

I am planning to create an animation where I will use many dialogues from the game series Total War without any changes, though I will use my own voice for narration. I intend to post this animation on YouTube and monetize it. However, I haven't explored licensing options or sought permission... View More

Sarah Teresa Haddad
Sarah Teresa Haddad
answered on Oct 24, 2025

If your animation has a distinct purpose from Total War, your use of the dialogue from the series may be considered a classic case of Fair Use, which is a valid defense in copyright that may apply in the federal circuit that includes Washington. An example of Fair Use is a satire play where... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Copyright, Internet Law and Intellectual Property for Utah on
Q: How to avoid copyright issues for retelling news stories on a podcast?

I plan to start a podcast featuring uplifting news stories retold in my own words. I intend to provide commentary and cite the original authors but won't use any audio clips. How can I ensure I'm covering these stories without infringing on copyright, and does providing commentary help in... View More

Christie Dudley
Christie Dudley
answered on Oct 8, 2025

Generally speaking, you should be in the clear. Copyright protects embodiments of creative works. A news story would be protected, but the news - the recollection of what happened in the world - enjoys no special protections. Since you seek to discuss news events without using anyone's words,... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Copyright and Intellectual Property for Washington on
Q: Can I use photos of thrift store art in a book?

I'm considering using photos I took of original artworks found in a thrift store in a humor book I plan to publish for commercial purposes. The photos show the entire artworks, and none of the artworks had any visible copyright information. Is it legally permissible to use these images in my... View More

Christie Dudley
Christie Dudley
answered on Oct 8, 2025

Generally speaking if you photograph things in the world, you hold the copyright. However, if you are just taking images of other art, with an eye towards reproduction, rather than the situation of the art in the world, then it is functionally an act of copying.

What this means is if you...
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2 Answers | Asked in Business Law, Contracts, Copyright and Intellectual Property for Idaho on
Q: Can I modify and resell books from a wholesale retailer like Faire Marketplace?

I want to buy books from a wholesale retailer, like Faire Marketplace, to rhinestone the covers and spray the edges for resale. Faire has terms against copyright and IP infringement, but it's unclear if decorating the book (without altering its content) counts as infringement. I'm... View More

Christie Dudley
Christie Dudley
answered on Sep 30, 2025

This is a great question! The fundamental nature of copyright is that you may not copy things that you do not own the rights to. Here, you look to be just decorating the books - like framing a painting, rather than creating prints from your painting if I understand correctly. So long as your... View More

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Q: Legal considerations of sharing fanfiction depicting sensitive topics on AO3 including real people like celebrities.

I'm involved in fanfiction circles where written stories, potentially depicting sensitive topics like csam, are shared publicly on platforms such as Archive of Our Own (AO3). I'm interested in understanding the federal legality of writing and sharing these fictional stories. Would the... View More

Jeremy Malcolm
Jeremy Malcolm
answered on Aug 15, 2025

Fictional stories that depict abuse or underage sex are generally constitutionally protected speech. This even applies to real person fiction. Of course the ethics of writing fiction that a real person might read about themselves, particularly if they are a minor, are a separate issue. Visual... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Copyright, Internet Law and Intellectual Property for Arizona on
Q: Is reading Batman comics aloud on YouTube with commentary considered copyright infringement?

I'm planning to read Batman comics aloud on a weekly YouTube livestream where I incorporate my commentary and analysis. I will show the comic panels as I read them. My audience is small, usually under 10 people at a time. I don't plan to earn any money from this, but I'm concerned... View More

Jeremy Malcolm
Jeremy Malcolm
answered on Jul 24, 2025

In general reading books or comics is considered a public performance which does need a copyright license. With that said, there is no automatic scanning of YouTube for readings from books, unlike the automatic scanning that exists for music. So given your small audience, you may be able to avoid... View More

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3 Answers | Asked in Copyright and Intellectual Property for Nevada on
Q: Amazon selling my book without consent; rights and Lanham Act issue?

In 2025, I discovered that Amazon is selling my book, which was originally on their print on demand service back in 2008. I have not accessed the account for several years, and I did not consent to this. I've contacted Amazon in 2019 about account access issues but recently noticed Amazon as... View More

Christie Dudley
Christie Dudley
answered on Jul 14, 2025

Lanham Act is the enforcement measure for trademarks. Since I don't see any specific trademarks identified in your question, copyright would be the primary vehicle for enforcement.

You should have a copyright to the work. If you haven't registered the copyright, I would do that...
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2 Answers | Asked in Internet Law, Copyright and Intellectual Property for Florida on
Q: Is it legal to stream Spider-Man movies on a public Discord server on Spider-Man Day?

Are there legal issues with streaming movies over the internet on a public Discord server? There's a server planning to stream Spider-Man movies using Disney+ on August 1st, known as Spider-Man Day, and it's free for anyone who joins the server via an invite link. There isn't any... View More

Christie Dudley
Christie Dudley
answered on Jul 7, 2025

Generally speaking, no, it is not legal. Most streaming services only provide movies for home use only. Public display would not be within the "personal use" that is licensed with your subscription. Since you are dealing with Disney, I would expect them to be rather firm on this point,... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Contracts, Copyright and Intellectual Property for North Carolina on
Q: Do I need to pay for copyright when hiring someone for schoolwork using pre-existing materials without a contract?

I am paying someone to complete a worksheet using pre-existing materials, and there is no written contract between us. I'm concerned about copyright infringement. Do I need to pay for copyright in this situation?

Christie Dudley
Christie Dudley
answered on Jul 7, 2025

First, copyright and plagiarism are not the same thing. Keep that in mind. Plagiarism is an academic concern, whereas copyright is a legal concern. Lawyers do not concern ourselves with plagiarism. You would have to consult your academic institution to determine what would be required to avoid... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Copyright, Internet Law and Intellectual Property for Florida on
Q: Can using 10-sec movie clips for a quiz game on a website cause legal issues without licenses?

I want to create a movie quiz game for a website, which will play 10-second clips from movies, and users will pick the correct answer. I'm not planning to obtain licenses for the movie clips, but I have looked into fair use. Will this approach potentially lead to legal issues?

Emmanuel Coffy
PREMIUM
Emmanuel Coffy pro label Lawyers, want to be a Justia Connect Pro too? Learn more ›
answered on May 10, 2025

Yes, using 10-second movie clips without licenses can potentially lead to legal issues. While "fair use" considers factors such as purpose, the length of the content used, and the impact on the original work's market value, using clips commercially or for entertainment... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Copyright and Intellectual Property for New York on
Q: Can I use plot elements from a soon-to-be-public domain film in my book adaptation?

I am writing an adaptation of the novel Dracula, altering characters' roles and personalities. My character, Dr. Murray, shares similarities with Dr. Seward from the 1931 Dracula film in occupation and fatherhood of Mina, but I have not copied dialogue, plot, or storyline. I understand the... View More

Giselle Ayala Mateus
Giselle Ayala Mateus
answered on May 9, 2025

You could use a character like Dr. Murray, who is inspired by Dr. Seward from the nineteen thirty-one film adaptation of Dracula, as long as your book is published after the film enters the public domain. Once the film is in the public domain, you might be able to draw from its specific... View More

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2 Answers | Asked in Communications Law, Internet Law, Copyright and Intellectual Property for Tennessee on
Q: Is it legal to use removepaywalls.com for personal or educational purposes to access archived content?

I'm considering using a website called removepaywalls.com for personal and educational purposes, which directs users to the Internet Archive, Wayback Machine, or archive.today to access archived versions of various articles. I'm interested in understanding the legal risks or consequences... View More

Nicholas Arthur Matlach
PREMIUM
Nicholas Arthur Matlach pro label Lawyers, want to be a Justia Connect Pro too? Learn more ›
answered on Apr 16, 2025

Using websites like removepaywalls.com to bypass paywalls and access archived content through services such as the Internet Archive or archive.today raises potential legal issues, primarily relating to copyright law. The Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 106, grants copyright holders exclusive rights to... View More

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4 Answers | Asked in Contracts, Copyright, Internet Law and Intellectual Property for New York on
Q: Is using various photos as reference for publishing art under Fair Use?

I discovered after the death of my ex-romantic and art partner that much of his artwork was based on my photography and social media posts. I want to publish his art alongside the references he used, but I am concerned about the legality of including certain images.

Some of the photographs... View More

Jeremy Malcolm
Jeremy Malcolm
answered on Apr 7, 2025

That's a great question, and I think that you should be on pretty safe ground because your use is transformative: it is designed to shine a light into your partner's creative process, which is quite different from the original purposes for which the reference images were created. I would... View More

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4 Answers | Asked in Contracts, Copyright, Internet Law and Intellectual Property for New York on
Q: Is using various photos as reference for publishing art under Fair Use?

I discovered after the death of my ex-romantic and art partner that much of his artwork was based on my photography and social media posts. I want to publish his art alongside the references he used, but I am concerned about the legality of including certain images.

Some of the photographs... View More

Giselle Ayala Mateus
Giselle Ayala Mateus
answered on Apr 7, 2025

1. Using Referenced Images for Commentary or Analysis

Including the original reference images alongside your ex-partner’s artwork for the purpose of commentary, critique, or scholarship can potentially fall under Fair Use, especially if:

The inclusion transforms the original...
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2 Answers | Asked in Copyright, Contracts and Intellectual Property for Florida on
Q: How can I self-publish a book previously serialized in a magazine?

About 30 years ago, I wrote a book that was serialized in a bi-monthly magazine over six installments in one year. The magazine is still being published, and there was no formal contract—only a handshake agreement for $500 per installment. I was credited as the author and contributing editor. I... View More

Sean Goodwin
Sean Goodwin
answered on Apr 2, 2025

I would double-check with the magazine to see if there is a contract on file even if you remember a verbal/handshake agreement. If there is a written agreement, please reach out to an experienced intellectual property attorney to review it in detail. There is something called a... View More

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