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Florida Agricultural Law Questions & Answers
Q: Legal actions against mother's retaliation and false claims in Florida?

For 5 years, I lived with my mother on a farm where I did most of the work without formal agreements and without meaningful pay, making it difficult for me to obtain insurance. I am disabled and observed signs of her cognitive decline, such as self-neglect, forgetfulness, paranoia, and abandoning... View More

James L. Arrasmith
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answered on Sep 8, 2025

You may have several avenues to pursue legal action against your mother for retaliation and false claims. Filing a civil suit for intentional infliction of emotional distress could allow you to seek damages for the harm caused by her actions, such as being forced to leave your home, quit your job,... View More

2 Answers | Asked in Agricultural Law, Probate and Real Estate Law for Florida on
Q: Do I lose ownership of jointly inherited farm after brother's estate probated?

My late brother and I inherited the family farm equally and were titled as joint tenants. After his death, his wife probated his estate, including the farm. Her lawyer issued the title for the farm in her name only. I did not take any legal action after my brother's passing, but there have... View More

James Clifton
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James Clifton
answered on Jul 31, 2025

If you held title to the property as joint tenants with right of survivorship, you own 100% of the property after your brother's passing. If the title was held as tenants in common, your brother's 50% of the property was transferred to his wife through the deed. To determine exactly what... View More

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3 Answers | Asked in Agricultural Law, Business Law and Real Estate Law for Florida on
Q: Can new neighbors form an HOA in a rural area and force existing residents to join?

Can a group of new neighbors moving from out of state in a rural country area with farms and acreage force the formation of an HOA and make existing residents join, even though most of the long-term neighbors are opposed to it? There have been informal discussions about imposing a monthly fee, but... View More

Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on Jul 5, 2025

Normally HOAs are formed when a residential development is subdivided and lots sold. The HOA is included as a covenant between the buyers and membership is required in their deeds. Thus, it is very doubtful that people who are already property owners could be forced to join a HOA in the... View More

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1 Answer | Asked in Employment Law and Agricultural Law for Florida on
Q: Am I automatically exempt from overtime because I work on a farm? Would I possibly be non-exempt as an HR Admin?

I am considered exempt because I work on a farm. I am wondering what would make you non-exempt while working on an agricultural farm? My company lawyer says that everyone who works on a farm, no matter the position, is exempt. I am in an HR administrative role where I do some supporting tasks for... View More

James L. Arrasmith
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answered on Jul 5, 2025

You're absolutely right to question the blanket claim that "everyone on a farm is exempt." Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Section 13(b)(12) exempts certain agricultural employees from overtime—but that exemption only applies if your job duties fall within the legal... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Agricultural Law and Employment Law for Florida on
Q: Does overtime exemption apply to a clerical/HR position in agriculture in Florida?

I work in a clerical/HR/administrative role in the agriculture industry where I perform tasks such as inputting hours for temp payroll, submitting H2A attendance logs, and managing employee paperwork, among other HR duties. I am paid hourly and report to a grove manager and an HR leader. We have... View More

James L. Arrasmith
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answered on Jun 11, 2025

Under both federal and Florida law, true administrative or executive exemptions to overtime require you to be paid on a salary basis at not less than \$684 per week and to perform certain high‐level duties—like regularly exercising independent judgment on matters of significance or supervising... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Tax Law and Agricultural Law for Florida on
Q: Tax rate on 614000.00illinois farm sale from florida resident
Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on Nov 22, 2024

If I correctly understand what you are asking, you want to know the taxes applicable to the sale of property in Illinois. You would have to ask the authorities in the area of Illinois where the farm is located. For federal income tax (capital gains), of any, that would depend upon your specific... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Agricultural Law and Business Law for Florida on
Q: What is FL law on refunds for nonprofit events?

A FL nonprofit org hosted a music festival April 2023. It was cancelled due to inclement weather, with promise of refund. There has been avoidant and lack of communication on the process. In June 2023 they said they are waiting on their insurance claims to process to disburse refunds, but in... View More

Tim Akpinar
Tim Akpinar
answered on Feb 10, 2024

A Florida attorney could advise best, but your question remains open for two weeks. Until you are able to consult with a Florida attorney regarding any applicable state laws for non-profits, I'd guess that your situation is basically a straightforward contract matter. If the provisions of the... View More

Q: I am purchasing land to establish a farm and I am told I need a lawyer, but I don't know what kind.

I need to have a purchase agreement with the seller to proceed with the FSA who is giving a farm loan to purchase the land 100%.

Charles M.  Baron
Charles M. Baron
answered on Nov 24, 2023

For the real estate transaction, hire a real estate lawyer. If you still need to set up your business entity for the farm, hire a lawyer handling business formation. You might be able to find a lawyer/law firm that does both. Another issue is whether your land is already zoned for everything you... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Gov & Administrative Law and Agricultural Law for Florida on
Q: Can Miami dade county require a nursery registered with the state to get a certificate of use through Miami dade county?

Nursery is on agriculture land and AU zoning

Charles M.  Baron
Charles M. Baron
answered on Sep 25, 2023

I'm guessing that, by "registered with the state", you mean registering the nursery with the Fla. Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services pursuant to Fla. Statutes Section 581.131. The purposes of State regulation/inspection of nurseries are different than the purposes of County... View More

Q: My boss put a ring motion censored audio/visual camera in shipping office without consent, he admitted it was for me

This camera send notifications to his phone whenever the sensor is activated. In midst of an altercation with him he admitted to placing that camera there specifically for me even though there are many people who work in that office I just happen to work alone on night shift. He has stooped as low... View More

Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on Apr 13, 2022

There are laws against recording people on cameras without their knowledge, but assuming that you knew about it, your boss doesn't need your permission.

1 Answer | Asked in Real Estate Law, Agricultural Law and Land Use & Zoning for Florida on
Q: Do the 7yrs in adverse possession claim in Florida starts the date of actual possession or the date you file the claim?
Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on Nov 19, 2021

The date of actual possession.

You refer to Florida Statute 95.18 Real property actions; adverse possession without color of title (one of the two adverse possession statutes in Florida):

"(1) When the possessor has been in actual continued possession of real property for 7...
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1 Answer | Asked in Agricultural Law for Florida on
Q: If I killed a bear in a car accident am I required to stop and report the authorities by law in florida

Can I be charged?

Michael  Mayoral
Michael Mayoral
answered on Oct 12, 2021

The law appears to be that you are not legally required to stop and report the accident to the authorities if the accident only involved your automobile and the bear. If the accident involved another car, you absolutely have to stop and exchange information. You also don't want to stop and get... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Agricultural Law and Employment Law for Florida on
Q: I think my boss wants me to break a law for his business, can I be held accountable?

I work at a pet boarding facility, and in the state of Florida, owners are required to have their dogs up to date on their rabies vaccine. My boss told me to accept a dog that is out of date on his rabies vaccine..

Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on Feb 27, 2021

I believe the requirement that owners keep their animals vaccinated would be Florida Statute 828.30. It doesn't appear to include any requirement that pet boarding facilities refuse to accept unvaccinated animals, and if there is that would be your boss's duty, not yours.

1 Answer | Asked in Agricultural Law and Animal / Dog Law for Florida on
Q: How do I create and file intent to lien a horse who has been abandoned by owner and/or board hasn’t been paid ?
Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on Aug 26, 2020

In order to claim a possessory lien on the horse, a security interest in the horse would need to have been created in the boarding contract. The only other way to get the horse would be to sue the owner, get a judgment, levy upon the horse, and then buy it at the execution sale.

1 Answer | Asked in Real Estate Law, Agricultural Law and Land Use & Zoning for Florida on
Q: HOA not allowing Fruit Trees in Backyards

We have just brought a house in a HOA governed community in Tampa, Florida. We have a 2000 sqf backyard and have planted some Florida approved fruit trees like mango , banana as we wanted home grown food and for religious practices. We got a letter from HOA that we are not allowed to plant fruit... View More

Barbara Billiot Stage
Barbara Billiot Stage
answered on Jul 27, 2020

The ARB documents/guidelines are valid restrictions adopted by the HOA. Whether or not you can claim a reasonable accommodation for religious practices is a fact-based question that requires the review of a lot of factors, which go beyond the scope of this website and require a review of all of... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Employment Law and Agricultural Law for Florida on
Q: Is this illegal?

This is an agriculture business, one of my employees was demanding a raise or he was quiting and having another employee fired or else he was quiting, which neither happened. At the same time he had his car repossessed and was blaming it on the fact that the company doesn't pay him enough (he... View More

Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on Jun 17, 2020

Is what illegal? He can quit, of course, or you can fire him under most circumstances. What would his "wrongful termination" claim be; it's not enough for him to complain that he was fired "wrongfully", employment is generally "at will", which means that an... View More

1 Answer | Asked in Employment Law and Agricultural Law for Florida on
Q: I'm an independent contractor. My boss has threatened to dock my pay as a punishment, is it legal for this to happen?

I work on a horse ranch. Today I woke up to a sign stating that if things aren't done properly. My pay will be docked. This raised a lot of red flags for me. (Is this legal, how much money is going to be taken off my check.)

Bruce Alexander Minnick
Bruce Alexander Minnick
answered on Apr 23, 2020

Yes it is certainly legal for your employer to notify you (and all other employees) that they need to do a better job tending to the horses. Why?

Because Florida is an “at will” state, which means employers are free to hire, transfer, promote, demote, suspend, reinstate, fire and...
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1 Answer | Asked in Agricultural Law and Animal / Dog Law for Florida on
Q: What is the minimum age in Kentucky for a breeder to sell a puppy.

I want to buy a puppy but breeder wants to give to me at 5 weeks old . Is this legal? I tho they need to wait 8 weeks .

Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on Apr 11, 2020

This section of this site is for questions concerning Florida law. Ask your question in Justia > Ask a Lawyer > Kentucky.

1 Answer | Asked in Animal / Dog Law, Employment Law, Tax Law and Agricultural Law for Florida on
Q: I worked/boarded dogs in a kennel; can they hold my dogs until bill is paid when they haven't paid valid wages?

I boarded dogs at a kennel. After 5 months of payments the owner offered me a part-time job. It progressed from a 3-4 hour morning/evening to 24 hours (10 hrs in the kennel & 14 hrs in their home taking care of their 8 pets) over 3, 5, 7, or 10 day periods. On lunch, I was required to answer... View More

Bruce Alexander Minnick
Bruce Alexander Minnick
answered on Jun 10, 2019

None of these historical facts matter because your former employer still has your dogs. After you have recovered your dogs you can think about suing these people for overtime wages and other things.

1 Answer | Asked in Agricultural Law for Florida on
Q: Our farm has a greenbelt but the barn is permitted ag exempt for personal use only. Can we use it for public agritourism

We are in a county that is extremely difficult to work with and they have said that if we use our barn for anything other than personal use they will revoke the building permit that we used to build our barn because it was permitted with an agricultural exemption that said it was for personal use... View More

Terrence H Thorgaard
Terrence H Thorgaard
answered on May 25, 2018

Florida Statute 570.85 Agritourism.— provides that:

"... Except as otherwise provided for in this section, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, a local government may not adopt or enforce a local ordinance, regulation, rule, or policy that prohibits, restricts,...
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